Well done, 1BB - All of those are correct. The full set of questions and answers are below:
1. What is the mathematical name, and otherwise very common word, for the space inside a sphere? Ball
2. What do people normally do in a refectory? Eat (it's a dining room, usually in an institution such as a monastery or school)
3. Roger 'Race' Bannon, Hadji, and a dog called Bandit are leading characters in what 1960s TV cartoon, now media franchise? Jonny Quest
4. Mammoths became largely extinct on Earth roughly how many years ago? 5,000-20,000
5. The rivers Brahmaputra, Ganges, Meghna and Krishna flow into the Bay of (What)? Bengal (to the east of India)
6. What soft gray alkaline earth metal is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust? Calcium
7. What feature in clothing such as trousers and skirts has variations called box, fluted, accordion, knife and honeycombe? Pleats (or Plaits, or if stitched permanently, less accurately tucks)
8. Wildfowl such as ducks, geese, swans, etc., have a nail on which part of the body? Beak (it is the hard horny tissue at the beak tip, used especially for feeding)
9. What medical/scientific term refers to an abnormal sac of liquid on a plant or animal, derived from Greek kustis, meaning bladder? Cyst
10. What is the very old (English from c.1440) traditional name for the typographical paragraph or 'blind P' mark ¶ ? Pilcrow (origins uncertain - modern OED says perhaps from a French distortion, pelagraphe, for paragraph - the 1933 OED says 'apparently' from 'pilled crow' whatever that means)
11. The 'God particle' is more technically called what, after two (English and Indian) physicists? Higgs boson (In the 1960s, Peter Higgs, with others, proposed the existence of a sub-atomic 'God particle' and related mass theory, basically central to the existence of everything. A boson is a sub-atomic particle named after the Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose, who pioneered quantum mechanics in the 1920s and later collaborated with Albert Einstein. The search for the 'God particle' was/is the main focus of the Large Hadron Collider operated by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, close to Geneva on the French/Swiss border. CERN announced in December 2011 that its scientists had perhaps produced evidence of the 'God particle'.)
12. What Italian-originating word means vivacity or vigour/vigor, and is also an infant toy brand? Brio (The Swedish company BRIO is actually an acronym from Bröderna [brothers] Ivarsson [at] Osby, in south Sweden)
13. In medicine and biological science, what is the opposite and usual alternative to 'in vitro'? In vivo (in vitro is Latin for in glass, i.e., in a test-tube or equivalent glass/laboratory environment; in vivo means in the living body)
14. The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran overthrew what? Shah (the monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was replaced by an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution)
15. What anciently originating term refers to a degree and other types of qualification, deriving from the word bachelor and a punning reference to early leafy awards? Baccalaureate (A distortion of Latin for bachelor, baccalarius, and bacca lauri, 'laurel berry', referring to laurel leaves worn by scholars)
16. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) was first president and is regarded as founder of which republic? Turkey (Established in 1923. Incidentally Ataturk devised/adopted the name Ataturk, loosely meaning 'Father of the Turks', in 1934. He was formerly Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, bestowed by his tutor [Kemal = perfection] and later from his army career [Gazi = wounded/combat veteran, and Pasha = superior to brigade commander])
17. Who uses the Hindustani Indian instrument the dilruba, meaning 'robber of the heart'? Musician (it's a long-necked stringed instrument played with a bow)
18. Eiswein is wine made from grapes that have been what on the vine? Frozen (Eiswein is the German name; alternatively icewine or ice wine - the freezing of the grapes increases the sweetness)
19. The Great Purge, known locally as Yezhovshchina, happened in which country? USSR (or Soviet Union, 1936-38, a period of terror and represssion under Joseph Stalin - Yezhovshchina referred to 'Yezhov regime', after Nikolai Yezhov, the head of the Soviet secret police, and specifically to the worst period of atrocities, 1937-38)
20. In 2011, Bristol's 1000-seater Za Za Bazaar opened as the UK's largest what? Restaurant
21. A human baby's response to sudden loss of physical support (as if falling) is technically called the (What) reflex? Moro (The Moro reflex, typically seen in babies up to 5 months old, is named after Austrian pediatrician Ernst Moro, 1874-1951, who first described it. It involves two or three elements: spreading out the arms [abduction]; unspreading or closing the arms back to the chest [adduction]; and usually crying too.)
22. What is the singular term for one piece of data? Datum
23. Using conventional tunings, what is the lowest note a symphonic orchestra can produce by bowing a stringed instrument? E (E1, or 41.2035 Hz to be more precise - on a double bass - equivalent to the eighth lowest note on a piano.)
24. What is the Muslim nations' equivalent of the Red Cross co-ordination body for the relief of human suffering? Red Crescent
25. Name the Ukrainian/Russian American engineer who was first to viably manufacture and sell helicopters? Igor Sikorsky (1889-1972 - initial production development c.1939-42)
26. In physics, what is the opposite of Tension: Vacuum; Pressure; Compression; or Leverage? Compression (Tension equates to stretching)
27. What is a kytoon? Kite which stays up without wind (a portmanteau word, from kite and balloon)
28. The naturalized American writer Lana Peters (1936-2011) was the daughter of which tyrannical leader? Joseph Stalin (Lana Peters, born Svetlana Stalina, was subsequently known as Svetlana Alliluyeva, from her mother's maiden name.)
29. What does the word 'inveterate' mean? Habitual (typically referring to a long-established habit, which a person would be unlikely to change, for example, inveterate drinker, inveterate gambler)
30. Name the seven base measurement units of the International System of Units (SI system) and what they measure? Metre - Length, Kilogram - Mass, Second - Time, Ampere - Electric Current, Kelvin - Thermodynamic Temperature, Candela - Luminous Intensity, Mole - Amount of Substance, or Chemical Amount.
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